Onna no hi: la importancia de la mujer en Japón

Onna no hi: the importance of women in Japan

When talking about women in Japan, many ideas come to mind: from the most traditional one like a geisha to the most current one from the otaku world.

Japan, over the centuries, has experienced very significant transformations at all levels. Among the most fascinating aspects of this evolution is the role of women in Japanese society. Starting from ancient traditions to contemporary challenges, the narrative of Japanese women has been the subject of study over time.

The most ancient vision

We are located in the Heian period (794-1185). During this time, women played important roles within the imperial court. Some of the Japanese literary classics, such as "The Tale of Genji" written by Murasaki Shikibu, reflect the complexities of relationships between men and women at this time. Although women's artistic abilities were highly valued, the arrival of Confucianism, widespread in China, profoundly influenced Japanese society, establishing rigid expectations about female behavior and limiting their participation in public affairs.

During the medieval period, Japanese women had to face unique challenges. While most men were immersed in wars and battles, women played a crucial role in managing and protecting the family at home. The figure of the samurai warriors, known as onna-bugeisha , also represented a challenge to conventional norms. Despite these valuable moments of empowerment, feudal society was governed by strong patriarchal structures, where there continued to be a clear subordination of women.

Modernization and advances by leaps and bounds

Years later, the Edo period (1603-1868) brought with it great changes in the perception of women. Ukiyo-e artistic prints portrayed the beauty and elegance of Japanese women, contributing to the idealization of the concept of femininity. The geishas , ​​artists and entertainers were strictly trained, becoming a symbol of refinement and artistic skill. Although this period presented opportunities for women, social restrictions continued to be the daily bread. Gender roles were clearly defined, and women were often relegated to domestic roles.

Global Westernization marked a period of modernization and in Japan during the Meiji era (1868-1912). Education was becoming more accessible to women, and new opportunities were opening up in fields such as nursing and teaching. Western clothing, both skirts and pants, replaced kimonos, symbolizing a great cultural and social change.

Despite these advances, traditional expectations persisted in many aspects of daily life. Women, although educated, were often relegated to supporting roles in the rapidly changing society.

Light of hope for feminism in today's Japan

The 20th century brought significant challenges and advances for Japanese women. After World War II, Japan underwent reconstruction that included changes in gender norms. Women gained the right to vote in 1945, and the postwar constitution promoted gender equality.

As the Japanese economy boomed, more job opportunities began to emerge for women in previously male-dominated industries. However, invisible barriers and wage inequalities continued to persist, which led to the promotion of the feminist movement in Japan during the 1970s, in order to advocate for greater gender equality.

Although Japan has made progress in terms of gender equality, contemporary challenges remain. The wage gap, low female representation in leadership and political positions, as well as entrenched social expectations continue to be issues to address.

Japanese feminism: a long way to go

From prominent roles in the imperial court to struggles for equality in the contemporary era, Japanese women have experienced radical changes in their roles and status. As Japan moves into the future, society continues to face challenges in achieving complete gender equality in a society that remains very traditional.

Japanese society has also witnessed a change in mentality, with more women challenging traditional norms and pursuing professional careers, actively participating in politics and questioning gender stereotypes. That resilience and determination of Japanese women throughout history demonstrates an enduring commitment to seeking a more equitable and just future for all people, regardless of gender.

References

Smith, J. (2000). Women in Japan: A historical perspective.

Suzuki, A. (2018). Contemporary challenges for Japanese women. Japanese Perspectives,

Tanaka, M. (2015). The role of Japanese women in modern society. Journal of Japanese Studies, 25(3), 123-145.

Back to blog