Hyperpigmentation: the problem of the future

Hyperpigmentation is an increasingly common skin condition that knows no age, gender or skin type. It is characterized by the appearance of dark spots on the skin, which can vary in size and location. Although not usually considered dangerous, hyperpigmentation can be a significant aesthetic concern for those who suffer from it. Learn about its causes, and how to combat it effectively!

Unmasking Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is a condition in which certain areas of the skin become darker than the surrounding skin tone. This occurs when there is an excess production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes. Hyperpigmentation can appear in different forms, such as sun spots, melasma, post-inflammatory spots, and lentigines.

Types of hyperpigmentation

1. Sun spots or solar lentigines : These are brownish spots that usually appear on the areas of the skin most exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, shoulders and arms. They are common in older people and are also known as "age spots."

2. Melasma : This is a more widespread form of hyperpigmentation, characterized by dark patches of skin, often on the face. Melasma is more common in women and is associated with hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or with the use of hormonal contraceptives.

3. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) : This refers to dark spots left behind after skin inflammation, such as acne, burns, or injuries. This type is more common in people with darker skin.

4. Lentigines : These are small dark spots, usually caused by sun exposure. They can appear anywhere on the body, but are most common on the face and hands.

Why does hyperpigmentation appear?

Hyperpigmentation can be caused by a wide variety of factors. Understanding what causes it is key to addressing proper prevention and treatment.

1. Sun exposure

The sun is the main cause of hyperpigmentation. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can stimulate melanocytes (the cells that produce melanin) to produce more pigment, leading to the formation of dark spots.

2. Hormonal changes

Hormonal imbalances, especially during pregnancy (known as chloasma or mask of pregnancy) or due to taking contraceptives, can trigger hyperpigmentation. Melasma is particularly sensitive to hormonal changes and is aggravated by sun exposure.

3. Skin lesions or inflammations

Any type of inflammation or injury to the skin, such as acne, eczema, or even procedures like lasers or waxing, can leave a dark mark known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

4. Genetic factors

Genetic predisposition also plays a role in hyperpigmentation. Some people are more prone to developing these spots due to their genetic heritage.

5. Medicines and chemicals

Some medications, such as chemotherapy drugs, and certain chemicals in cosmetics can cause hyperpigmentation as a side effect.

How to fight hyperpigmentation?

Combating hyperpigmentation can be a long process and requires a multifaceted approach. Below, we offer a simple guide to preventing and treating hyperpigmentation.

1. Sun protection

The first and most important step to combat hyperpigmentation is to protect your skin from the sun. Using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 every day is crucial, even on cloudy days or when indoors, as UV rays can penetrate through windows.

• Reapplication : Reapply sunscreen every two hours if you are outdoors and after swimming or sweating.
• Protective clothing : In addition to sunscreen, consider wearing wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and clothing that covers the skin to minimize sun exposure.

2. Use of depigmenting products

There are several active ingredients in topical products that can help lighten dark spots and balance skin tone. Some of the most effective ones include:

• Kojic Acid : Derived from fungi, this ingredient inhibits melanin production.
• Azelaic Acid : This acid is useful for treating both acne and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
• Vitamin C : A powerful antioxidant that helps brighten skin and reduce melanin production.
• Glycolic Acid : An alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin, promoting cell renewal and reducing the appearance of blemishes.
• Retinoids : Vitamin A derivatives that promote cell turnover and collagen production, which can help fade dark spots.

3. Professional treatments

For more severe or persistent cases of hyperpigmentation, professional treatments may offer better results:

• Chemical peels : Peels with acids such as glycolic or salicylic acid help remove the superficial layers of the skin, thus reducing the appearance of dark spots.
• Laser therapy : Laser treatments, such as fractional laser or picosecond laser, can destroy melanin-producing cells, thereby lightening the spots.
• Microdermabrasion : A treatment that deeply exfoliates the skin, promoting cell regeneration and improving skin tone.
• Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy : A treatment that uses light to treat pigmented spots on the skin.

4. Skin care at home

Maintaining a skincare routine at home is essential to complement professional treatments and prevent the formation of new spots.

• Gentle cleansing : Use a gentle cleanser to avoid irritation that can trigger post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
• Hydration : Keeping your skin well hydrated is key, as dry skin can aggravate hyperpigmentation.
• Regular Exfoliation : Exfoliate your skin regularly to remove dead skin cells and promote cell regeneration, which can help reduce dark spots.

5. Lifestyle changes

In addition to treatments and skin care, some lifestyle changes can help combat hyperpigmentation.

• Balanced diet : Eating a diet rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, can help protect the skin against free radical damage, which can contribute to hyperpigmentation.
• Avoid stress : Stress can worsen hyperpigmentation, especially in cases of melasma. Practicing relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga can be beneficial.
• Get a good night's sleep : Adequate sleep allows the skin to recover and regenerate, which is essential for maintaining an even skin tone.

Preventing Hyperpigmentation

Prevention is key to avoiding the appearance of new dark spots on the skin. Here are some additional recommendations:

• Avoid direct sun : Whenever possible, avoid direct sun exposure, especially during peak hours (10 am to 4 pm).
• Be careful with procedures : If you undergo cosmetic treatments such as laser, waxing or peels, make sure they are performed by trained professionals and follow all post-treatment instructions to avoid post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
• Control underlying conditions : If you have acne or other inflammatory skin conditions, try to keep them under control to prevent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Don't let hyperpigmentation define you

Hyperpigmentation is an increasingly common condition, but with the right combination of actions (sun protection, depigmenting treatments, and, if necessary, professional treatments) it is possible to significantly reduce its appearance and prevent the formation of new spots. Some serums such as KIREI , rich in multipeptides and niacinamide, are particularly useful in combating these hateful spots.

The key is to be consistent and patient, as results may take time to appear. Always remember to consult with a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan.